Adam Fix shows how grad students can translate academic experiences into business language when writing a résumé or formulating answers to common interview questions.

It’s become cliché to tell graduate students and Ph.D.s leaving higher ed to translate their academic experiences into terms business and industry employers will understand. That is often is presented as the first step of converting an academic CV into a résumé.

Such advice is sound. However, few people who give it appreciate the monumental challenge this translation presents many graduate students and Ph.D.s, particularly those who have spent most of their adulthoods thus far cocooned in the academic cult and who may never have written a nonacademic résumé in their lives.

To translate is to overcome a language barrier. Academics are advised to translate from their native tongue—“academese,” let’s call it—to the language of the land to which they seek admittance, or “businessese.”

But how can one translate into a language they’ve never spoken, originating from a land they’ve rarely if ever visited? How can one speak to the wants and needs of nonacademic employers with whom they hardly ever interact?

Graduate students and Ph.D.s are often told that, by virtue of their writing and teaching experiences, they possess strong communication skills. That is true in the narrow sense—that they are fluent in their native disciplinary dialect of academese.

But businessese is another language. It has its own unwritten rules, its own tacit assumptions and cultural norms, its own criteria for effective communication. The difference between academese and businessese is a profound lesson that far too many academic expatriates learn the hard way: through flubbed phone screens, wallpapers of rejected résumés and the screaming silence of an empty inbox the week after the final round of interviews.

This table is designed to make the translation process as straightforward as possible. It is intended to help graduate students, Ph.D.s and anyone else leaving higher ed begin to surmount the academese/businessese language barrier. It may be especially useful for writing a nonacademic résumé, building a LinkedIn profile or formulating answers to common interview questions.

I wrote a dissertation, published a book or conducted some other major research project.

I published in scholarly journals.

I received fellowships, grants or awards.

I taught or TA’d courses.

I designed my own courses or programs.

I tutored, worked with or assisted students in some other capacity.

I was department chair, graduate student liaison or some other admin role.

These bullets are designed to be imported into the “Experience” section of a résumé. However, they are not set in stone. If you use this table to write a résumé, tailor each bullet to your circumstances as well as to the jobs you are applying for.

Start each line with a strong action verb, ideally one that conveys an improvement of some kind: “boosted,” “exceeded,” “overhauled” and so on. Add numbers wherever possible: students taught, funding procured, percent improvement and the like. Numbers provide a concrete measure of professional achievements. If you don’t have exact numbers handy, take a ballpark guess.

You can expand or combine many of these bullets into STAR stories to be deployed during a nonacademic interview. If you’re unfamiliar with the STAR method, an interview technique that provides a format for telling a story by describing the situation, task, action and result, see this article. STAR is by far the most common structured interview method. If you’re seeking to break into business and industry, keep two to three STAR stories in your back pocket at all times.

To sum up, in all stages of the job search—résumé writing, interviewing and beyond—translating academic experiences into business and industry terms is essential. Effective communication requires more than writing and public speaking skills. It requires the ability to address an audience in their own language, using familiar terms to articulate their wants and needs while heeding the tacit assumptions and cultural norms behind everything said. Translating is possible, and experience is the best teacher. This table is only meant as a starting point.

Adam Fix (LinkedIn) received his Ph.D. in history of science, technology and medicine from the University of Minnesota. He has been a content writer for Beyond the Professoriate and currently contracts as a global writer for the 3M Transportation and Electronics Business Group.

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